Vinyl records are deeply pleasurable, with a warm, nuanced soundworld that is unavailable in digital formats. But you need to set your turntable at just the right speed if you want to really get a feel for this analog media. A shoddy turntable will distorted sound, lower the quality of playing, and worse: ruin your vinyl collection. Here’s what you need to know in order to check if your turntable’s speed is correct and fix it if it isn’t.
Understanding Turntable Speeds
Vinyl records are designed to play at specific speeds:
- 33 1/3 RPM: Commonly used for 12-inch LPs (Long Play records) that offer extended playback.
- 45 RPM: Found on 7-inch singles or EPs, these records provide better sound fidelity.
- 78 RPM: Rare and mostly associated with vintage shellac records from the pre-1950s era.
Each speed matches physical grooves on the vinyl. Playing a song at the wrong tempo and pitch changes what sounds good and produces what sounds not so good.
How to Check If Your Turntable Speed Is Correct
1. Visual Inspection with a Strobe Disc
A strobe disc is a popular tool for verifying turntable speed. Here’s how to use it:
- Place the strobe disc on your turntable platter.
- Turn on the strobe light (most turntables come equipped with one, or you can use an external source).
- Watch the markings on the disc as the platter spins. If the markings appear stationary, your turntable speed is accurate.
2. Use a Smartphone App
A couple of smartphone apps track turntable speed. Speed apps such as RPM Speed & Wow or PlatterSpeed check the speed with your phone’s accelerometer and microphone. You just place your phone on the rotating platter and the app works out the RPM.
3. Listen to the Sound Quality
An auditory check can sometimes reveal speed issues. Listen for:
- Pitch Variations: Songs may sound higher or lower in pitch if the speed is off.
- Distorted Tempo: Tracks may sound slower or faster than they should.
4. Compare to a Digital Recording
Play the same song from a digital source and compare it to the vinyl playback. Differences in tempo or pitch may indicate a speed issue.
5. Manual Timing
This old-school method involves using a stopwatch:
- Count the revolutions of your platter over a set time (e.g., 33 1/3 revolutions in one minute for 33 RPM).
- If the count is off, your turntable speed needs adjustment.
How to Fix Turntable Speed Issues
1. Adjust the Pitch Control
Many modern turntables come with a pitch control slider or knob. Use this feature to fine-tune the speed until it’s accurate.
2. Check the Belt
For belt-driven turntables:
- Inspect the belt for wear and tear. A loose or stretched belt can cause speed fluctuations.
- Replace the belt if necessary.
3. Clean and Lubricate the Motor
The motor can fail because of dirt and lubrication issues. Degrease motor parts and use proper lubrication to run the motor smoothly.
4. Calibrate Using a Strobe Light
If your turntable has a strobe light, employ it to make fine-tuned motor adjustments
5. Seek Professional Help
For older or expensive turntables, use a professional technician for calibration and repairs.
Maintaining Turntable Accuracy
To keep your turntable functioning optimally:
- Store and Care for Vinyl Records: Proper storage reduces the risk of warped records, which can affect playback. Learn how to store vinyl records effectively.
- Regular Maintenance: Clean the platter, tonearm, and stylus regularly. Refer to our guide on how to take care of vinyl records.
- Invest in Quality Equipment: Explore best speakers for vinyl records and high-quality turntables to enhance your listening experience. You can also buy vinyl records players designed for precision and durability.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: Can an unbalanced platter affect turntable speed?
Yes, an unbalanced or warped platter can cause inconsistent rotation, leading to speed issues. Regularly check your platter for alignment.
Q2: How often should I calibrate my turntable?
Calibrate your turntable every six months or after moving it to a new location.
Q3: Do old turntables have more speed issues?
Vintage turntables may require more frequent maintenance, such as belt replacements and motor calibration, due to age and wear.
Q4: What is the oldest vinyl record, and does it require special handling?
The oldest vinyl records, such as the world’s first vinyl records, are rare and delicate. They require precise handling and specialized equipment for playback.
Conclusion
Whether or not your turntable speed is correct is key to listening at your best. Having your turntable serviced and tuned regularly will keep your vinyl records playing as they should. By using strobe discs, apps and pitch controls and taking care of your equipment you’ll have the music collection you want for many years to come.
